Definition of Infertility

Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive within 12 months of unprotected intercourse. Initial consultation should be initiated at this point.

It is estimated that 15-20% of couples will experience infertility. Unfortunately, there is still a “stigma” associated with infertility, and many couples will not openly speak about their dilemma, and many couples will not seek any form of treatment for their problem. Additionally, there is the misconception that stress is a cause for infertility. Often, a couple will be told to “relax” and conception will occur, or “you are too young to worry about it”. By following these erroneous beliefs, couples will frequently delay consultation and treatment for their infertility problem, which for older patients, could have serious consequences and lower their chance of conceiving. It can be argued that younger women should seek treatment sooner than later, as their age does not play any role in their inability to achieve a pregnancy.

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Causes of Infertility

The following causes can all contribute to infertility, and it is not uncommon to find two or three combined factors that contribute to the final problem:

  • Disorders of ovulation including Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCO)
  • Male factor
  • Endometriosis
  • Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
  • Uterine (Mullerian) abnormalities
  • Genetic

Idiopathic, or unexplained infertility, is rare. Once a couple’s basic work-up is complete, many potential causes for their infertility may be found. However, information about egg quality, sperm quality, embryo quality and implantation cannot be obtained until a couple undergoes an IVF procedure.